In the summer of 1942, the United States government launched a top-secret project, The Manhattan Project, with the sole aim of developing the world’s first atomic bomb. The stakes were high, and the pressure was on this team of scientists to help make the bomb a reality. One of those scientists, Dr Robert Wilson, became increasingly distraught with the idea of using this powerful weapon on the world. As a result, after the war, he vowed to find a peaceful use for this nuclear technology. In 1946, he wrote the seminal paper on what is now called Proton Therapy. His paper titled “Radiological Use of Fast Protons” outlined how fast proton beams could be used to treat cancer.